National Thomas Jefferson Day

National Thomas Jefferson Day, celebrated annually on April 13th, commemorates the birth of Thomas Jefferson, the third President of the United States and the principal author of the Declaration of Independence. The observance has evolved from a simple birthday commemoration to a day of national reflection on Jefferson's enduring influence on American ideals and institutions.

The Foundational Catalyst: Thomas Jefferson's Birth and Early Legacy

Thomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743, at Shadwell, his family's plantation in Virginia. From an early age, Jefferson exhibited a profound intellect and a passion for learning. His contributions to the American Enlightenment and his role in drafting the Declaration of Independence in 1776 cemented his status as a foundational figure. Even before the official observance, Jefferson's birthday was celebrated informally by admirers and at the University of Virginia, which he founded.

The Legislative/Official Adoption: The 1938 Joint Resolution

In 1938, the United States Congress passed a joint resolution (H.J.Res. 522) designating April 13 as Thomas Jefferson Day. The resolution was signed into law by President Franklin D. Roosevelt, who had a deep admiration for Jefferson. While the day is not a federal holiday, it is a presidential proclamation day, meaning the sitting president issues an annual proclamation encouraging Americans to observe the day with appropriate ceremonies and activities. President Roosevelt's proclamation in 1938 urged citizens to "honor the memory of Thomas Jefferson, the author of the Declaration of Independence, the founder of the University of Virginia, and the third President of the United States."

Modern Global Legacy and Observance

Today, National Thomas Jefferson Day is observed throughout the United States, with particular emphasis at Monticello (Jefferson's home in Charlottesville, Virginia) and the University of Virginia. Events include wreath-laying ceremonies, educational programs, and naturalization ceremonies for new citizens. The day also prompts discussions about Jefferson's complex legacy, including his ownership of slaves and his writings on liberty, encouraging a nuanced appreciation of history. Internationally, Jefferson's influence is recognized through events organized by American diplomatic missions and Jefferson-related organizations worldwide.

Celebrating National Thomas Jefferson Day involves honoring his contributions to American democracy, education, and architecture. Here are specific ways individuals, schools, and organizations can participate.

For Individuals and Families

• Visit Monticello: Tour Thomas Jefferson's historic home and plantation in Charlottesville, VA. Many events are held on April 13th.

• Read the Declaration of Independence: Read the document aloud with family and discuss its enduring principles.

• Explore Jefferson's Writings: Read letters or books by Jefferson, such as Notes on the State of Virginia.

• Plant a Tree: Jefferson was an avid botanist; plant a tree in your yard to honor his love for nature.

• Attend a Naturalization Ceremony: Many ceremonies are held on this day; attend to welcome new citizens.

For Schools and Educational Institutions

1. Host a Jeffersonian Debate: Organize a mock constitutional convention or debate on civil liberties.

2. Create Art Projects: Have students draw Jefferson's inventions or architectural designs.

3. Watch Documentaries: Show films like Thomas Jefferson: The Art of Power followed by discussion.

4. Write Essays: Assign essays on Jefferson's impact on education and democracy.

For Organizations and Community Groups

• Organize a Public Lecture: Invite historians to speak on Jefferson's legacy.

• Volunteer for Civic Projects: Engage in community service to reflect Jefferson's belief in civic duty.

• Host a Wreath-Laying Ceremony: At a statue or memorial dedicated to Jefferson.

Thomas Jefferson was a passionate advocate for public education, believing it essential for a functioning democracy. He founded the University of Virginia in 1819, designing its curriculum and architecture. Jefferson's vision included a system of public schools open to all, though his era did not fully realize this. Today, National Thomas Jefferson Day highlights his educational ideals, with many schools incorporating lessons about his commitment to learning.

The University of Virginia: A Living Legacy

Jefferson designed the university's Rotunda and Pavilion system, inspired by classical architecture. The University of Virginia continues to celebrate Jefferson's birthday with convocations and academic symposiums. His belief in separation of church and state in education also influenced modern secular public schooling.

Jefferson's Library and the Library of Congress

After the British burned the Library of Congress in 1814, Jefferson sold his personal library of 6,487 volumes to rebuild it. This collection formed the core of the Library of Congress and underscores Jefferson's commitment to knowledge. On Jefferson Day, the Library of Congress often highlights his collection.

Jefferson was a Renaissance man whose interests spanned architecture, agriculture, and invention. His home Monticello is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a prime example of neoclassical architecture. Jefferson also designed the Virginia State Capitol and several other buildings.

Monticello: A Testament to Design and Contradiction

Monticello features innovative elements like a polygraph, a dumbwaiter, and a clock that tracked days of the week. Jefferson's agricultural experiments included crop rotation and new plow designs. However, the plantation relied on enslaved labor, a contradiction that modern observances address through honest interpretation.

Inventions and Innovations

Jefferson invented a revolving bookstand, a wheel cipher for encoding messages, and improved plow moldboards. His scientific curiosity earned him membership in the American Philosophical Society. Many celebrations include exhibits of his inventions.

As the primary author of the Declaration of Independence, Jefferson articulated the principles of natural rights and government by consent. This document has inspired movements for democracy worldwide. On National Thomas Jefferson Day, naturalization ceremonies emphasize the ideals of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.

International Recognition

Jefferson's ideas influenced the French Revolution, Latin American independence movements, and later struggles for civil rights. The day is observed by U.S. embassies abroad, hosting events that discuss Jefferson's global impact. In many countries, April 13th features academic conferences on democratic governance.

Controversies and Evolving Interpretations

Jefferson's ownership of slaves and writings on race have sparked debate. Modern observances include critical reflections on his contradictions. The Thomas Jefferson Foundation at Monticello has incorporated slavery history into tours, providing a fuller picture of his legacy.

Since 1938, every U.S. president has issued a proclamation for Thomas Jefferson Day. The proclamation typically encourages Americans to engage in patriotic activities, visit historic sites, and reflect on Jefferson's contributions. Federal agencies and military bases often hold ceremonies.

Sample Proclamation Themes

• Emphasis on education and lifelong learning.
• Celebration of American independence and founding principles.
• Acknowledgment of Jefferson's role in establishing the Library of Congress and the University of Virginia.

In some years, presidents have used the day to highlight current initiatives, such as science and technology education, drawing on Jefferson's own scientific interests.